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R - Operators

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical manipulations. R language is rich in built-in operators and provides following types of operators.

Types of Operators

We have the following types of operators in R programming −

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Relational Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Miscellaneous Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Following table shows the arithmetic operators supported by R language. The operators act on each element of the vector.


Operator
Description
Example
+
 Adds two vectors 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v+t)

it produces the following result −

[1] 10.0  8.5  10.0
−
 Subtracts second vector from the first 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v-t)

it produces the following result −

[1] -6.0  2.5  2.0
*
 Multiplies both vectors 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v*t)

it produces the following result −

[1] 16.0 16.5 24.0
/
 Divide the first vector with the second 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v/t)

When we execute the above code, it produces the following result −

[1] 0.250000 1.833333 1.500000
%%
 Give the remainder of the first vector with the second 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v%%t)

it produces the following result −

[1] 2.0 2.5 2.0
%/%
 The result of division of first vector with second (quotient) 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v%/%t)

it produces the following result −

[1] 0 1 1
^
 The first vector raised to the exponent of second vector 
v <- c( 2,5.5,6)
t <- c(8, 3, 4)
print(v^t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  256.000  166.375 1296.000

Relational Operators

Following table shows the relational operators supported by R language. Each element of the first vector is compared with the corresponding element of the second vector. The result of comparison is a Boolean value.


Operator
Description
Example
>
 Checks if each element of the first vector is greater than the corresponding element of the second vector. 
v <- c(2,5.5,6,9)
t <- c(8,2.5,14,9)
print(v>t)

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE
<
 Checks if each element of the first vector is less than the corresponding element of the second vector. 
v <- c(2,5.5,6,9)
t <- c(8,2.5,14,9)
print(v < t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE FALSE  TRUE FALSE
==
 Checks if each element of the first vector is equal to the corresponding element of the second vector. 
v <- c(2,5.5,6,9)
t <- c(8,2.5,14,9)
print(v == t)

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE FALSE FALSE  TRUE
<=
 Checks if each element of the first vector is less than or equal to the corresponding element of the second vector. 
v <- c(2,5.5,6,9)
t <- c(8,2.5,14,9)
print(v<=t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE
>=
 Checks if each element of the first vector is greater than or equal to the corresponding element of the second vector. 
v <- c(2,5.5,6,9)
t <- c(8,2.5,14,9)
print(v>=t)

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE
!=
 Checks if each element of the first vector is unequal to the corresponding element of the second vector. 
v <- c(2,5.5,6,9)
t <- c(8,2.5,14,9)
print(v!=t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE  TRUE  TRUE FALSE

Logical Operators

Following table shows the logical operators supported by R language. It is applicable only to vectors of type logical, numeric or complex. All numbers greater than 1 are considered as logical value TRUE.

Each element of the first vector is compared with the corresponding element of the second vector. The result of comparison is a Boolean value.


Operator
Description
Example
&
 It is called Element-wise Logical AND operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if both the elements are TRUE. 
v <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
t <- c(4,1,FALSE,2+3i)
print(v&t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE  TRUE FALSE  TRUE
|
 It is called Element-wise Logical OR operator. It combines each element of the first vector with the corresponding element of the second vector and gives a output TRUE if one the elements is TRUE. 
v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i)
t <- c(4,0,FALSE,2+3i)
print(v|t)

it produces the following result −

[1]  TRUE FALSE  TRUE  TRUE
!
 It is called Logical NOT operator. Takes each element of the vector and gives the opposite logical value. 
v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i)
print(!v)

it produces the following result −

[1] FALSE  TRUE FALSE FALSE

The logical operator && and || considers only the first element of the vectors and give a vector of single element as output.

Operator
Description
Example
&&
 Called Logical AND operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE only if both are TRUE. 
v <- c(3,0,TRUE,2+2i)                     
t <- c(1,3,TRUE,2+3i)                   
print(v&&t)

it produces the following result −

[1] TRUE
||
 Called Logical OR operator. Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE. 
v <- c(0,0,TRUE,2+2i)
t <- c(0,3,TRUE,2+3i)
print(v||t)
[1] FALSE

Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to vectors.

Operator
Description
Example
<− or = or <<−
Called Left Assignment 
v1 <- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
v2 <<- c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
v3 = c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i)
print(v1)
print(v2)
print(v3)

it produces the following result −

[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i        
[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i         
[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i
-> or ->>
 Called Right Assignment . Takes first element of both the vectors and gives the TRUE if one of them is TRUE. 
c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) -> v1
c(3,1,TRUE,2+3i) ->> v2 
print(v1)
print(v2)

it produces the following result −

[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i
[1] 3+0i 1+0i 1+0i 2+3i


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